Guia Não Oficial do Iniciante Ubuntu 5.04

Revisão: 2.00 (última atualização em 18 de maio de 2005) - Changelog
URL: http://www.ubuntuguide.org
Autor: Chua Wen Kiat (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

Traduções: English, Português
Versão anterior: 4.10 (Warty Warthog)
Por favor, considere uma doação para ajudar o suporte e melhoria desta documentação. Obrigado :-)

Disclaimer

Copyright (C) 2004-2005 Chua Wen Kiat.

Este programa é um software livre; você pode redistribuí-lo e/ou modificá-lo sob os termos da GNU General Public License como publicado pela Free Software Foundation; versão 2 da licença, ou (em sua opção) alguma versão mais antiga.

Este programa é distribuído na esperança de que seja útil, mas SEM QUALQUER GARANTIA; sem mesmo a garantia implícita de MERCHANDISING ou APTIDÃO PARA UMA FINALIDADE PARTICULAR. Veja a GNU General Public License para mais detalhes.

Notas Gerais

  1. Este é um guia não oficial para iniciantes em Ubuntu 5.04. Ele não é associado ao Ubuntu e a Canonical Ltd
  2. Este guia foi testado numa instalação completa do Ubuntu 5.04 x86 Install CD (Hoary Hedgehog)
  3. Se você ver uma caixa preta, significa que você tem que executar os comandos no modo Terminal (Aplicativos -> Ferramentas de Sistema -> Terminal)
  4. Para reduzir os erros de digitação, copie e cole os comandos no modo Terminal (clique com o botão direito nos comandos -> "Copiar" e "Colar")
  5. "sudo" significa faça superusuário. "sudo" pedirá pela "senha". Por favor, digite sua senha.
  6. Se você cansou de digitar "sudo" toda hora, troque para o usuário root digitando: "sudo -s -H" seguido pela senha do usuário
  7. "apt-get" e "wget" requerem uma conexão à Internet para instalar (install) / atualizar (update) / baixar programas
  8. Para baixar um arquivo, clique com o botão direito no link-> selecione "Salvar Link Como..." -> Tenha certeza que o nome do arquivo e a extensão estejam corretos
  9. Para quaisquer feedbacks, sugestões, discussões e erros, reporte-os ao autor, colocando comentários, por favor aqui
  10. Que o espírito de "humanidade aos outros" seja sempre com você...

Tópicos

Começando

  1. O quê é Ubuntu?
  2. Onde eu vejo screenshots do Ubuntu?
  3. Onde eu encontro uma lista de todos os programas/bibliotecas que vem com o Ubuntu?
  4. Onde eu faço o download do Ubuntu?
  5. Onde eu peço CDs do Ubuntu totalmente GRÁTIS?
  6. Onde eu encontro ajuda do Ubuntu?

Começando o GuiaUbuntu

  1. Como eu faço o download de todo o UbuntuGuide?
  2. Onde eu faço o download do Unofficial Ubuntu Add-On CD?

Repositórios

  1. Como adicionar repositórios extras?
  2. Como adicionar repositórios "backports" (opcional)?
  3. Como fazer backup/restauração do cache baixado dos repositórios?

Atualizações do Ubuntu

  1. Como atualizar manualmente o Ubuntu?

Aplicativos Extras

  1. Como instalar um editor de menus para o GNOME?
  2. Como instalar o Clipboard Daemon para o GNOME?
  3. Como instalar o J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) com plugin para Mozilla Firefox?
  4. Como instalar o plugin Flash Player (Macromedia Flash) para Mozilla Firefox?
  5. Como instalar um leitor de PDF (Adobe Reader) com plugin para Mozilla Firefox?
  6. Como instalar um gerenciador de downloads (Downloader for X)?
  7. Como instalar um cliente de FTP (gFTP)?
  8. Como instalar um cliente P2P BitTorrent (Azureus)?
  9. Como instalar um cliente P2P eMule (aMule)?
  10. Como instalar um cliente P2P Gnutella (LimeWire)?
  11. Como instalar um messenger (Skype)?
  12. Como instalar um WinPopup (LinPopUp)?
  13. Como instalar codecs multimídia?
  14. Como instalar a funcionalidade de tocar DVDs?
  15. Como instalar um player multimídia (xine-ui)?
  16. Como instalar um player multimídia (MPlayer) com plug-in para Mozilla Firefox?
  17. Como instalar um player multimídia (XMMS)?
  18. Como instalar um player multimídia (RealPlayer)?
  19. Como instalar Stream Directory Browser (streamtuner)?
  20. Como instalar um editor de vídeo (Kino)?
  21. Como instalar um editor de áudio (Audacity)?
  22. Como instalar um DVD Ripper (dvd::rip)?
  23. Como instalar um CD Ripper (Goobox)?
  24. Como instalar um cliente de email (Mozilla Thunderbird)?
  25. Como instalar um leitor de notícias (Pan)?
  26. Como instalar um leitor de notícias em RSS/RDF/Atom (RSSOwl)?
  27. Como instalar um sistema de autoria web (Nvu)?
  28. Como instalar um gerenciador de projetos (Planner)?
  29. Como instalar um publicador (Scribus)?
  30. Como instalar um editor de diagramas (Dia)?
  31. Como instalar um sistema de gravação de CD/DVDs (GnomeBaker)?
  32. Como instalar o cliente ADSL/PPPoE (RP-PPPoE)?
  33. Como instalar um gerenciador de boot (UBM)?
  34. Como instalar um editor de partições (GParted)?
  35. Como instalar um firewall (Firestarter)?
  36. Como instalar um scaner de vulnerabilidades (Nessus)?
  37. Como instalar o suporte a arquivos RAR (rar)?
  38. Como instalar fontes extras?
  39. Como instalar o método de entrada chinês - Chinese Input Method (SCIM)?
  40. Como instalar jogos (Frozen-Bubble)?
  41. Como instalar compiladores básicos (build-essential)?

Aplicativos Comerciais

  1. Como instalar o Windows 9X/ME/2000/XP (Win4Lin)?
  2. Como instalar aplicativos Windows (CrossOver Office)?
  3. Como instalar jogos WIndows (Cedega)?

Hardware

  1. Como instalar os drivers gráficos (NVIDIA)?
  2. Como desabilitar o logotipo da NVIDIA na inicialização do GNOME?
  3. Como identificar o chipset do modem?
  4. Como instalar o driver do modem (SmartLink)?
  5. Como configurar dispositivos PalmOS?
  6. Como listar tabelas de partição?
  7. Como listar a utilização do espaço do sistema de arquivos?
  8. Como listar dispotivivos montados?
  9. Como listar dispositivos PCI?
  10. Como listar dispositivos USB ?
  11. Como aumentar a velocidade de um CD/DVD-ROM?
  12. Como montar/desmontar um CD/DVD-ROM manualmente e exibir todos os arquivos/pastas ocultos associados?
  13. Como forçar a desmontagem de um CD/DVD-ROM manualmente?
  14. Como remontar o /etc/fstab sem reiniciar?

Rede

  1. Como ativar/desativar conexões de rede?
  2. Como configurar conexões de rede?
  3. Como alterar o nome do computador?
  4. Como alterar as descrições do computador?
  5. Como mudar o grupo de trabalho/domínio do computador?
  6. Como atribuir Hostname para a máquina local com IP dinâmico usando o serviço grátis DynDNS?
  7. Como compartilhar pastas de uma maneira fácil?
  8. Como visualizar computadores de rede?
  9. Como acessar compartilhamentos sem montá-los?
  10. Como montar/desmontar compartilhamentos manualmente e permitir leitura a todos os usuários?
  11. Como montar/desmontar compartilhamentos manualmente e permitir leitura/gravação a todos os usuários?
  12. Como montar compartilhamentos no boot e permitir leitura a todos os usuários?
  13. Como montar compartilhamentos no boot e permitir leitura/gravação a todos os usuários?

Windows

  1. Como montar/desmontar partições Windows (NTFS) manualmente e permitir leitura a todos os usuários?
  2. Como montar/desmontar partições Windows (FAT) manualmente e permitir leitura/gravação a todos os usuários?
  3. Como montar partições Windows (NTFS) na inicialização e permitir leitura a todos os usuários?
  4. Como montar partições Windows (FAT) na inicialização e permitir leitura/gravação a todos os usuários?

Administração de Usuários

  1. Como configurar/alterar/habilitar a senha do usuário root?
  2. Como desabilitar a conta do usuário root?
  3. Como permitir o login do usuário root no GNOME?
  4. Como alternar para o usuário root no modo Terminal?
  5. Como adicionar/editar/deletar usuários do sistema?
  6. Como adicionar/editar/deletar grupos do sistema?
  7. Como logar automaticamente no GNOME (não seguro)?
  8. Como permitir mais usuários para sudo?
  9. Como usar "sudo" sem a confirmação da senha (não seguro)?
  10. Como destruir a seção do "sudo"?
  11. Como alterar permissões de arquivos/pastas?
  12. Como alterar o proprietário dos arquivos/pastas?
  13. Como alterar o grupo proprietário dos arquivos/pastas?

Segurança

  1. Quais são as coisas básicas que eu preciso saber sobre segurança no meu Ubtuntu?
  2. Como desabilitar todo o controle interativo de edição do menu do GRUB?
  3. Como desabilitar a lista de históricos no modo Console?
  4. Como desabilitar o Ctrl+Alt+Del para reiniciar o computador no modo Console?
  5. Como habilitar uma confirmação antes de remover/sobreescrever arquivos/pastas no modo Console?

Modo Restauração

  1. Como obter acesso do usuário root sem logar?
  2. Como modificar os argumentos de inicialização do kernel para obter acesso do usuário root?
  3. Como usar o cd de instalação do Ubuntu para obter acesso do usuário root?
  4. Como alterar a senha do usuário root/usuário principal se esquecida?
  5. Como alterar a senha do menu do GRUB se esquecida?
  6. Como restaurar o menu do GRUB depois de uma instalação do Windows?
  7. Como adicionar uma entrada Windows no menu do GRUB?
  8. Como ler partições Linux(ext2, ext3) no Windows?

Dicas & Truques

  1. Como ligar o Num Lock na inicialização do GNOME ?
  2. Como reiniciar o GNOME sem reiniciar o computador?
  3. Como rodar programas na inicialização do GNOME?
  4. Como alternar para o modo Console no GNOME?
  5. Como atualizar o desktop do GNOME?
  6. Como atualizar o painel do GNOME?
  7. Como abrir cada pasta na mesma janela no Nautilus?
  8. Como exibir todos os arquivos/pastas ocultos no Nautilus?
  9. Como visualizar arquivos/pastas como o usuário root no Nautilus?
  10. Como exibir os ícones do desktop (Computador, Pasta Pessoal, Lixeira)?
  11. Como change default file type "Open with" program?
  12. Como alterar o cliente de email preferido para o Mozilla Thunderbird?
  13. Como abrir arquivos como o usuário root via clique com botão direito?
  14. Como desabilitar o beep no modo Terminal?
  15. Como carregar sites de uma maneira mais rápido no Mozilla Firefox?
  16. Como desabilitar o beep para a função de localizar link no Mozilla Firefox?
  17. Como restaurar os ícones originais do Mozilla Firefox?
  18. Como restaurar os ícones originais do Mozilla Thunderbird?
  19. Como fazer apt-get de um jeito fácil (Synaptic)?
  20. Como instalar/desinstalar um arquivo .deb?
  21. Como converter um arquivo .rpm para .deb?
  22. Como renomear todos os arquivos em um diretório de uma só vez?
  23. Como salvar saídas do "man" num arquivo?
  24. Como gerar um arquivo MD5 checksum?
  25. Como checar o MD5 checksum de um arquivo?
  26. Como montar/desmontar arquivos de imagem (ISO) sem gravá-los?
  27. Como ocultar o menu do GRUB na inicialização?
  28. Como alterar o limite do menu do GRUB na inicialização?
  29. Como alterar o Sistema Operacional default no menu do GRUB?
  30. Como ignorar serviços temporariamente na inicialização?
  31. Como habilitar/desabilitar serviços permanentemente na inicialização?

Servidor de AntiVírus

  1. Como instalar o ClamAV AntiVirus Server?
  2. Como atualizar manualmente a base de dados de vírus?
  3. Como verificar manualmente arquivos/pastas por vírus?
  4. Como verificar automaticamente arquivos/pastas por vírus?

Servidor Samba

  1. Como instalar o Samba Server para compartilhamento de arquivos/pastas?
  2. Como adicionar/editar/deletar usuários de rede?
  3. Como compartilhar pastas locais com pemissão apenas leitura (Authentication=Yes)?
  4. Como compartilhar pastas locais com pemissões de leitura/gravação (Authentication=Yes)?
  5. Como compartilhar pastas de grupo com permissão apenas leitura (Authentication=Yes)?
  6. Como share group folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes)?
  7. Como share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes)?
  8. Como share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes)?
  9. Como share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=No)?
  10. Como share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=No)?

SSH Server

  1. Como install SSH Server for remote administration service?
  2. Como SSH into remote Ubuntu machine?
  3. Como copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (scp)?
  4. Como copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (scp)?
  5. Como copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (rsync)?
  6. Como copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (rsync)?
  7. Como SSH into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine?
  8. Como copy files/folders from/into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine?

DHCP Server

  1. Como install DHCP Server for automatic IP addresses assignment?

Database Server

  1. Como install MYSQL Database Server?
  2. Como install MYSQL Control Center?

Apache HTTP Server

  1. Como install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service?
  2. Como install PHP for Apache HTTP Server?
  3. Como install MYSQL for Apache HTTP Server?
  4. Como map URLs to folders outside /var/www/?
  5. Como change the default port number for Apache HTTP Server?
  6. Como browse the changed port number for Apache HTTP Server in Mozilla Firefox?

Troubleshooting

  1. Configuring network interfaces... (taking too long to load)
  2. Synchronizing clock to ntp.ubuntulinux.org... (taking too long to load)
  3. Como disable system time/date from being reset to UTC (GMT)?
  4. Como configure sound to work properly in GNOME?
  5. Como forcefully empty Trash in GNOME?
  6. Como remove duplicate menu/menu items in GNOME?
  7. Como refresh Places menu in GNOME (if mounts to /media/ in /etc/fstab does not show up)?

Getting Started

Q: What is Ubuntu?

  1. [WWW] http://www.ubuntulinux.org/ubuntu

Q: Where to view Ubuntu screenshots?

  1. [WWW] http://shots.osdir.com/slideshows/slideshow.php?release=305&slide=1

Q: Where to find a list of all the programs/libraries that comes with Ubuntu?

  1. Result of dpkg -l: Here
  2. [WWW] http://packages.ubuntu.com/hoary
  3. [WWW] http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu

Q: Where to download Ubuntu?

  1. [WWW] http://www.ubuntulinux.org/download

Q: Where to order Ubuntu CDs for absolutely FREE?

  1. [WWW] http://shipit.ubuntulinux.org

Q: Where to find help for Ubuntu?

  1. Mailing Lists
  2. Web Forums
  3. IRC Channel

Getting UbuntuGuide

Q: Como download this entire UbuntuGuide?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  wget -c http://ubuntuguide.org/ubuntu5.04.tar.gz tar zxvf ubuntu5.04.tar.gz

Q: Where to download Unofficial Ubuntu Add-On CD?

  1. [WWW] http://ubuntuguide.org/add-on-cd

Repositories

Q: Como add extra repositories?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  3. Find this section * 
    ... # deb [WWW] http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary main restricted # deb-src [WWW] http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary main restricted

# deb [WWW] http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-updates main restricted # deb-src [WWW] http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-updates main restricted

# deb [WWW] http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary universe # deb-src [WWW] http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary universe

# deb [WWW] http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-security main restricted # deb-src [WWW] http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-security main restricted

# deb [WWW] http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-security universe # deb-src [WWW] http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-security universe
  4. Replace with the following lines * 
    deb [WWW] http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary main restricted deb-src [WWW] http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary main restricted

deb [WWW] http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-updates main restricted deb-src [WWW] http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-updates main restricted

deb [WWW] http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary universe deb-src [WWW] http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary universe

deb [WWW] http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-security main restricted deb-src [WWW] http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-security main restricted

deb [WWW] http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-security universe deb-src [WWW] http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-security universe

deb [WWW] http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary multiverse deb-src [WWW] http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary multiverse

deb [WWW] ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat stable main deb [WWW] ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat unstable main deb [WWW] ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat testing main
  5. Save the edited file (sample)
  6.  gpg --keyserver wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net --recv-keys 1F41B907 gpg --armor --export 1F41B907 | sudo apt-key add - sudo apt-get update

Q: Como add backports repositories (optional)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  4. Append the following lines at the end of file * 
    deb [WWW] http://backports.ubuntuforums.org/ubp hoary-backports main universe multiverse restricted deb [WWW] http://backports.ubuntuforums.org/ubp hoary-extras main universe multiverse restricted
  5. Save the edited file (sample)
  6.  sudo apt-get update

Q: Como backup/restore downloaded repositories cache?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. To backup downloaded repositories cache * 
    mkdir -p $HOME/backup/var/lib/ sudo cp -R /var/lib/apt/ $HOME/backup/var/lib/ mkdir -p $HOME/backup/var/cache/ sudo cp -R /var/cache/apt/ $HOME/backup/var/cache/ mkdir -p $HOME/backup/etc/apt sudo cp -R /etc/apt/ $HOME/backup/etc/ sudo chown -R $USER $HOME/backup/
  3. To restore downloaded repositories cache * 
    sudo cp -fR $HOME/backup/var/* /var/ sudo cp -fR $HOME/backup/etc/apt/* /etc/apt/

Ubuntu Updates

Q: Como manually update Ubuntu?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade

Add-On Applications

Q: Como install Menu Editor for GNOME?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/smeg_0.5-0ubuntu1_all.deb sudo dpkg -i smeg_0.5-0ubuntu1_all.deb
  3. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  4. Applications -> System Tools -> Smeg

Q: Como install Clipboard Daemon for GNOME?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2 sudo tar jxvf gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2 -C /usr/bin/ sudo chown root:root /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon sudo gnome-clipboard-daemon &
  3. System -> Preferences -> Sessions
  4. Sessions * 
    Startup Programs Tab -> Add

Startup Command: gnome-clipboard-daemon Order: 80

Q: Como install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/jre-1_5_0_03-linux-i586.bin sh jre-1_5_0_03-linux-i586.bin sudo mkdir /usr/java sudo mv jre1.5.0_03/ /usr/java/ sudo chown -R root:root /usr/java/jre1.5.0_03/ sudo ln -fs /usr/java/jre1.5.0_03/bin/java /usr/bin/java sudo ln -fs /usr/java/jre1.5.0_03/bin/java_vm /usr/bin/java_vm sudo ln -fs /usr/java/jre1.5.0_03/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/ sudo ln -fs /usr/java/jre1.5.0_03/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/ java -version
  3. Restart Mozilla Firefox

Q: Como install Flash Player (Macromedia Flash) Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install flashplayer-mozilla
  4. Restart Mozilla Firefox

Q: Como install PDF Reader (Adobe Reader) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install acroread sudo apt-get install mozilla-acroread
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> Office -> Adobe Reader
  6. Restart Mozilla Firefox

Q: Como install Download Manager (Downloader for X)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install d4x
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> Internet -> Downloader for X

Q: Como install FTP Client (gFTP)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install gftp
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> Internet -> gFTP

Q: Como install P2P BitTorrent Client (Azureus)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox?
  3.  wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/Azureus_2.3.0.0_linux.GTK.tar.bz2 sudo tar jxvf Azureus_2.3.0.0_linux.GTK.tar.bz2 -C /opt/ sudo chown -R root:root /opt/azureus/ sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Azureus.desktop
  4. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    [Desktop Entry] Name=Azureus Comment=Azureus Exec=/opt/azureus/azureus Icon=/opt/azureus/Azureus.png Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Application;Network;
  5. Save the edited file (sample)
  6. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  7. Applications -> Internet -> Azureus

Q: Como install P2P eMule Client (aMule)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install amule
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> Internet -> aMule

Q: Como install P2P Gnutella Client (LimeWire)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox?
  3.  wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/LimeWireSoftOther.zip sudo unzip -u LimeWireSoftOther.zip -d /opt/ sudo chown -R root:root /opt/LimeWire/ sudo gedit /usr/bin/runLime.sh
  4. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    cd /opt/LimeWire/ ./runLime.sh
  5. Save the edited file (sample)
  6.  sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/runLime.sh sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/LimeWire.desktop
  7. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    [Desktop Entry] Name=LimeWire Comment=LimeWire Exec=runLime.sh Icon=/opt/LimeWire/LimeWire.ico Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Application;Network;
  8. Save the edited file (sample)
  9. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  10. Applications -> Internet -> LimeWire

Q: Como install Messenger (Skype)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install libqt3c102-mt wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/skype_1.1.0.3-1_i386.deb sudo dpkg -i skype_1.1.0.3-1_i386.deb
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> Internet -> Skype

Q: Como install WinPopup (LinPopUp)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  4.  sudo apt-get install linpopup sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/linpopup.desktop
  5. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    [Desktop Entry] Name=LinPopUp Comment=LinPopUp Exec=linpopup Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/linpopup.xpm Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Application;Utility;
  6. Save the edited file (sample)
  7. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  8. Applications -> Accessories -> LinPopUp

Q: Como install Multimedia Codecs?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/gstreamer0.8-lame_0.8.8-0.1_i386.deb sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-plugins sudo apt-get install w32codecs sudo apt-get install liblame0 sudo dpkg -i gstreamer0.8-lame_0.8.8-0.1_i386.deb gst-register-0.8

Q: Como install DVD playback capability?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2

Q: Como install Multimedia Player (xine-ui)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3. Read Como install Multimedia Codecs?
  4. Read Como install DVD playback capability?
  5.  sudo apt-get install xine-ui
  6. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  7. Applications -> Sound & Video -> xine

Q: Como install Multimedia Player (MPlayer) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3. Read Como install Multimedia Codecs?
  4. Read Como install DVD playback capability?
  5.  sudo apt-get -t hoary install mplayer-386 sudo apt-get -t hoary install mplayer-fonts sudo apt-get -t hoary install mozilla-mplayer
  6. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  7. Applications -> Sound & Video -> MPlayer
  8. Restart Mozilla Firefox

Q: Como install Multimedia Player (XMMS)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3. Read Como install Multimedia Codecs?
  4.  sudo apt-get install xmms wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb sudo dpkg -i xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb
  5. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  6. Applications -> Sound & Video -> XMMS

Q: Como install Multimedia Player (RealPlayer)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/realplay-10.0.4.750-linux-2.2-libc6-gcc32-i586.bin chmod +x realplay-10.0.4.750-linux-2.2-libc6-gcc32-i586.bin sudo ./realplay-10.0.4.750-linux-2.2-libc6-gcc32-i586.bin ... Enter the complete path to the directory where you want RealPlayer to be installed. You must specify the full pathname of the directory and have write privileges to the chosen directory. Directory: [/home/chua/RealPlayer]: /opt/RealPlayer

You have selected the following RealPlayer configuration: Destination: /opt/RealPlayer Enter [F]inish to begin copying files, or [P]revious to go back to the previous prompts: [F]: F

Copying RealPlayer files...configure system-wide symbolic links? [Y/n]: Y

enter the prefix for symbolic links [/usr]: /usr ...
  3. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  4. Applications -> Sound & Video -> RealPlayer 10

Q: Como install Stream Directory Browser (streamtuner)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install streamtuner
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> Sound & Video -> streamtuner

Q: Como install Video Editor (Kino)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install kino
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> Sound & Video -> Kino Video Editor

Q: Como install Audio Editor (Audacity)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install audacity
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> Sound & Video -> Audacity

Q: Como install DVD Ripper (dvd::rip)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3. Read Como install Multimedia Codecs?
  4. Read Como install DVD playback capability?
  5. Read Como install Multimedia Player (MPlayer) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox?
  6.  sudo apt-get -t testing install transcode sudo apt-get install dvdrip sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dvdrip.desktop
  7. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    [Desktop Entry] Name=dvd::rip Comment=dvd::rip Exec=dvdrip Icon=/usr/share/perl5/Video/DVDRip/icon.xpm Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Application;AudioVideo;
  8. Save the edited file (sample)
  9. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  10. Applications -> Sound & Video -> dvd::rip

Q: Como install CD Ripper (Goobox)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3. Read Como install Multimedia Codecs?
  4.  sudo apt-get install goobox sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
  5. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    [Desktop Entry] Name=CD Player & Ripper Comment=Play and extract CDs Exec=goobox Icon=goobox.png Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Application;AudioVideo;
  6. Save the edited file (sample)
  7. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  8. Applications -> Sound & Video -> CD Player & Ripper

Q: Como install Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> Internet -> Thunderbird Mail Client

Q: Como install Newsreader (Pan)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install pan
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> Internet -> Pan Newsreader

Q: Como install RSS/RDF/Atom Newsreader (RSSOwl)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox?
  3.  wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/rssowl_linux_1_1_1_bin.tar.gz sudo tar zxvf rssowl_linux_1_1_1_bin.tar.gz -C /opt/ sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_1_bin/ sudo gedit /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
  4. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    export MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME=/usr/lib/mozilla-firefox export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_[PATH]${MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME}:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH} cd /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_1_bin/ ./run.sh
  5. Save the edited file (sample)
  6.  sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RSSOwl.desktop
  7. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    [Desktop Entry] Name=RSSOwl Comment=RSSOwl Exec=runRSSOwl.sh Icon=/opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_1_bin/rssowl.xpm Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Application;Network;
  8. Save the edited file (sample)
  9. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  10. Applications -> Internet -> RSSOwl

Q: Como install Web Authoring System (Nvu)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/nvu-1.0PR-pc-linux2.6.10-gnu.tar.bz2 sudo tar jxvf nvu-1.0PR-pc-linux2.6.10-gnu.tar.bz2 -C /opt/ sudo chown -R root:root /opt/nvu-1.0PR/ sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nvu.desktop
  3. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    [Desktop Entry] Name=Nvu Comment=Nvu Exec=/opt/nvu-1.0PR/nvu Icon=/opt/nvu-1.0PR/icons/mozicon50.xpm Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Application;Office;
  4. Save the edited file (sample)
  5. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  6. Applications -> Office -> Nvu

Q: Como install Project Management Application (Planner)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install planner
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> Office -> Project Management

Q: Como install Desktop Publishing Application (Scribus)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install scribus
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> Office -> Scribus

Q: Como install Diagram Editor (Dia)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install dia sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Dia.desktop
  4. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    [Desktop Entry] Name=Dia Comment=Dia Exec=dia Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/dia.xpm Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Application;Office;
  5. Save the edited file (sample)
  6. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  7. Applications -> Office -> Dia

Q: Como install CD/DVD Burning Software (GnomeBaker)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install gnomebaker
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> Accessories -> GnomeBaker CD/DVD Creator

Q: Como install ADSL/PPPoE Client (RP-PPPoE)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/rp-pppoe-3.5.tar.gz sudo tar zxvf rp-pppoe-3.5.tar.gz -C /opt/ sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rp-pppoe-3.5/ sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RP-PPPoE.desktop
  3. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    [Desktop Entry] Name=RP-PPPoE Comment=RP-PPPoE Exec=gksudo /opt/rp-pppoe-3.5/go-gui Icon= Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Application;System;
  4. Save the edited file (sample)
  5. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  6. Applications -> System Tools -> RP-PPPoE

Q: Como install BootUp Manager (UBM)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/ubm_1.2.5-0ubuntu1_all.deb sudo dpkg -i ubm_1.2.5-0ubuntu1_all.deb
  3. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  4. System -> Administration -> Ubuntu BootUp Manager

Q: Como install Partition Editor (GParted)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install gparted
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> System Tools -> GParted

Q: Como install Firewall (Firestarter)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install firestarter
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> System Tools -> Firestarter

Q: Como install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install nessus sudo apt-get install nessusd sudo nessus-adduser sudo ln -fs /etc/init.d/nessusd /etc/rc2.d/S20nessusd sudo /etc/init.d/nessusd start sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nessus.desktop
  4. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    [Desktop Entry] Name=Nessus Comment=Nessus Exec=nessus Icon= Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Application;System;
  5. Save the edited file (sample)
  6. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  7. Applications -> System Tools -> Nessus

Q: Como install RAR Archiver (rar)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install rar
  4. Applications -> Accessories -> Archive Manager

Q: Como install Extra Fonts?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-arabic sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-asian sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese-big sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-european sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese-big sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-phonetic sudo apt-get install gsfonts-x11 sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts sudo fc-cache -f -v

Q: Como install Chinese Input Method (SCIM)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3. Read Como install Extra Fonts?
  4.  sudo apt-get install scim sudo apt-get install scim-chinese sudo apt-get install scim-config-socket sudo apt-get install scim-gtk2-immodule sudo apt-get install scim-tables-zh wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz sudo tar zxvf fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz -C /usr/share/fonts/truetype/ sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/fonts/truetype/fireflysung-1.3.0/ sudo fc-cache -f -v
  5. System -> Preferences -> SCIM Input Method Setup
  6. To activate SCIM * 
    Press 'Ctrl + Space'

Q: Como install Game (Frozen-Bubble)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install frozen-bubble
  4. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  5. Applications -> Games -> Frozen-Bubble

Q: Como install Basic Compilers (build-essential)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install build-essential

Commercial Applications

Q: Como install Windows 9X/ME/2000/XP (Win4Lin)?

  1. [WWW] http://www.win4lin.com

Q: Como install Windows Applications (CrossOver Office)?

  1. [WWW] http://www.codeweavers.com

Q: Como install Windows Games (Cedega)?

  1. [WWW] http://www.transgaming.com

Hardware

Q: Como install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup sudo nvidia-glx-config enable sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/NVIDIA-Settings.desktop
  4. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    [Desktop Entry] Name=NVIDIA Settings Comment=NVIDIA Settings Exec=nvidia-settings Icon= Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Application;System;
  5. Save the edited file (sample)
  6. Read Como restart GNOME without rebooting computer?
  7. Applications -> System Tools -> NVIDIA Settings

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)?
  3.  sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  4. Find this section * 
    ... Section "Device"

    *

      Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]" Driver "nvidia" BusID "[PCI]1:0:0"

...
  5. Add the following line below it * 
              o

            Option "NoLogo"
  6. Save the edited file (sample)
  7. Read Como restart GNOME without rebooting computer?

Q: Como identify Modem chipset?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/scanModem.gz gunzip -c scanModem.gz > scanModem chmod +x scanModem sudo ./scanModem gedit Modem/ModemData.txt

Q: Como install Modem Driver (SmartLink)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  uname -r (must be 2.6.10-5-386) wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/sl-modem-modules-2.6.10-5-386_2.9.9a-1ubuntu2+2.6.10-34_i386.deb sudo dpkg -i sl-modem-modules-*.deb sudo apt-get install sl-modem-daemon

Q: Como configure PalmOS Devices?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/10-custom.rules
  3. Insert the following line into the new file * 
    BUS="usb", SYSFS{product}="Palm Handheld*", KERNEL="ttyUSB*", NAME{ignore_remove}="pilot", MODE="666"
  4. Save the edited file (sample)
  5. System -> Preferences -> PalmOS Devices
  6. Follow the instructions on screen

Q: Como list partition tables?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo fdisk -l

Q: Como list filesystem disk space usage?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  df -T -h

Q: Como list mounted devices?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  mount

Q: Como list PCI devices?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  lspci

Q: Como list USB devices?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  lsusb

Q: Como speed up CD/DVD-ROM?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM
  3.  sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf
  4. Append the following lines at the end of file * 
    /dev/cdrom {

    *

      dma = on

}
  5. Save the edited file (sample)

Q: Como mount/unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually, and show all hidden and associated files/folders?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM
  3. To mount CD/DVD-ROM * 
    sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide
  4. To unmount CD/DVD-ROM * 
    sudo umount /media/cdrom0/

Q: Como forcefully unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM
  3.  sudo umount /media/cdrom0/ -l

Q: Como remount /etc/fstab without rebooting?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo mount -a

Networking

Q: Como activate/deactivate network connections?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. System -> Administration -> Networking
  3. Network settings * 
    Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> Activate/Deactivate

Q: Como configure network connections?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. System -> Administration -> Networking
  3. Network settings * 
    Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> Properties

Connection -> This device is configured (Checked) Connection Settings -> Configuration: Select "DHCP/Static IP address"

DNS Tab -> DNS Servers -> Add/Delete

Q: Como change computer name?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. System -> Administration -> Networking
  3. Network settings * 
    General Tab -> Host Settings -> Hostname: Specify the computer name
  4. Save and close all opened applications, Reboot computer

Q: Como change computer descriptions?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3.  sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  4. Find this line * 
    ...

    *

      server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)

...
  5. Replace with the following line * 
        *

      server string = new_computer_descriptions
  6. Save the edited file (sample)
  7.  sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

Q: Como change computer Domain/Workgroup?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3.  sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  4. Find this line * 
    ...

    *

      workgroup = MSHOME

...
  5. Replace with the following line * 
        *

      workgroup = new_domain_or_workgroup
  6. Save the edited file (sample)
  7.  sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

Q: Como assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  e.g. Assumed that internet connections have been configured properly

    *

      Register free Dynamic DNS at [WWW] https://www.dyndns.org Automatically refresh IP in DynDNS Database/DNS every hour
    *

      * * * * means minute hour date month year
  4.  sudo apt-get install ipcheck sudo gedit /root/dyndns_update.sh
  5. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    USERNAME=myusername PASSWORD=mypassword HOSTNAME=myhostname.dyndns.org

cd /root/ if [ -f /root/ipcheck.dat ]; then

    *

      ipcheck -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME

else

    *

      ipcheck --makedat -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME

fi
  6. Save the edited file (sample)
  7.  sudo chmod +x /root/dyndns_update.sh sudo sh /root/dyndns_update.sh export EDITOR=gedit && sudo crontab -e
  8. Append the following line at the end of file * 
    00 * * * * sudo sh /root/dyndns_update.sh
  9. Save the edited file

Q: Como share folders the easy way?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3.  Right click on folder -> Share folder

Shared folder -> Share with: Select "SMB" Share properties -> Name: Specify the share name

Q: Como browse network computers?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly

    *

      If computers or network folders could not be found, try access them directly Read Como access network folders without mounting?
  3. Places -> Network Servers

Q: Como access network folders without mounting?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly

    *

      Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1 Shared folder's name: linux
  3. Applications -> Run Application...
  4. Run Application * 
    smb://192.168.0.1/linux

Q: Como mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3.  e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly

    *

      Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1 Network computer's Username: myusername Network computer's Password: mypassword Shared folder's name: linux Local mount folder: /media/sharename
  4. To mount network folder * 
    sudo mkdir /media/sharename sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword
  5. To unmount network folder * 
    sudo umount /media/sharename/

Q: Como mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read/write?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3.  e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly

    *

      Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1 Network computer's Username: myusername Network computer's Password: mypassword Shared folder's name: linux Local mount folder: /media/sharename
  4. To mount network folder * 
    sudo mkdir /media/sharename sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword,dmask=777,fmask=777
  5. To unmount network folder * 
    sudo umount /media/sharename/

Q: Como mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3.  e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly

    *

      Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1 Network computer's Username: myusername Network computer's Password: mypassword Shared folder's name: linux Local mount folder: /media/sharename
  4.  sudo mkdir /media/sharename sudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials
  5. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    username=myusername password=mypassword
  6. Save the edited file (sample)
  7.  sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup sudo gedit /etc/fstab
  8. Append the following line at the end of file * 
    //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename smbfs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials 0 0
  9. Save the edited file (sample)
  10. Read Como remount /etc/fstab without rebooting?

Q: Como mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3.  e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly

    *

      Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1 Network computer's Username: myusername Network computer's Password: mypassword Shared folder's name: linux Local mount folder: /media/sharename
  4.  sudo mkdir /media/sharename sudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials
  5. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    username=myusername password=mypassword
  6. Save the edited file (sample)
  7.  sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup sudo gedit /etc/fstab
  8. Append the following line at the end of file * 
    //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename smbfs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials,dmask=777,fmask=777 0 0
  9. Save the edited file (sample)
  10. Read Como remount /etc/fstab without rebooting?

Windows

Q: Como mount/unmount Windows partitions (NTFS) manually, and allow all users to read only?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como list partition tables?
  3.  e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)

    *

      Local mount folder: /media/windows
  4. To mount Windows partition * 
    sudo mkdir /media/windows sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t ntfs -o umask=0222
  5. To unmount Windows partition * 
    sudo umount /media/windows/

Q: Como mount/unmount Windows partitions (FAT) manually, and allow all users to read/write?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como list partition tables?
  3.  e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)

    *

      Local mount folder: /media/windows
  4. To mount Windows partition * 
    sudo mkdir /media/windows sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t vfat -o umask=000
  5. To unmount Windows partition * 
    sudo umount /media/windows/

Q: Como mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow all users to read only?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como list partition tables?
  3.  e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)

    *

      Local mount folder: /media/windows
  4.  sudo mkdir /media/windows sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup sudo gedit /etc/fstab
  5. Append the following line at the end of file * 
    /dev/hda1 /media/windows ntfs umask=0222 0 0
  6. Save the edited file (sample)
  7. Read Como remount /etc/fstab without rebooting?

Q: Como mount Windows partitions (FAT) on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como list partition tables?
  3.  e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)

    *

      Local mount folder: /media/windows
  4.  sudo mkdir /media/windows sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup sudo gedit /etc/fstab
  5. Append the following line at the end of file * 
    /dev/hda1 /media/windows vfat umask=000 0 0
  6. Save the edited file (sample)
  7. Read Como remount /etc/fstab without rebooting?

Users Administration

Q: Como set/change/enable root user password?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo passwd root

Q: Como disable root user account?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo passwd -l root

Q: Como allow root user to login into GNOME?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como set/change/enable root user password?
  3. System -> Administration -> Login Screen Setup
  4. Login Screen Setup * 
    Security Tab -> Options -> Allow root to login with GDM (Checked)

Q: Como switch to root user in Terminal mode?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo -s -H Password: <specify user password>

Q: Como add/edit/delete system users?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
  3. Users and Groups * 
    Users Tab -> Add User.../Properties/Delete

Q: Como add/edit/delete system groups?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
  3. Users and Groups * 
    Groups Tab -> Add Group.../Properties/Delete

Q: Como automatic login into GNOME (not secure)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. System -> Administration -> Login Screen Setup
  3. Login Screen Setup * 
    General Tab -> Automatic Login -> Login a user automatically on first bootup (Checked) Automatic login username: Select "system_username"

Q: Como allow more sudoers?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  export EDITOR=gedit && sudo visudo
  3. Append the following line at the end of file * 
    system_username ALL=(ALL) ALL
  4. Save the edited file (sample)

Q: Como use "sudo" without prompt for password (not secure)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  export EDITOR=gedit && sudo visudo
  3. Find this line * 
    ... system_username ALL=(ALL) ALL ...
  4. Replace with the following line * 
    system_username ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
  5. Save the edited file (sample)

Q: Como explicitly destroy the "sudo" session?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo -K

Q: Como change files/folders permissions?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  Right click on files/folders -> Properties

Permissions Tab -> Read/Write/Execute (Checked the permissions for Owner/Group/Others)

Q: Como change files/folders ownership?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo chown system_username /location_of_files_or_folders

Q: Como change files/folders group ownership?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo chgrp system_groupname /location_of_files_or_folders

Security

Q: What are the basic things I need to know about securing my Ubuntu?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Ensure hard drive is first in BIOS boot-up sequence *
    1. To prevent trespassers from using Linux Installation CD which allows them to gain root user access
    2. To prevent trespassers from using Linux Live CD (e.g. UBUNTU/KNOPPIX/MEPIS) which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive
    3. To prevent trespassers from installing another Operating System
  3. Ensure a password is set for BIOS *
    1. To prevent trespassers from changing the BIOS boot-up sequence
  4. Ensure computer is located at a secured place *
    1. To prevent trespassers from removing computer's hard drive which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive from a different computer
    2. To prevent trespassers from removing computer's on-board battery which resets the BIOS password
  5. Ensure passwords used on the system cannot be easily guessed *
    1. To prevent trespassers from cracking password file using brute force attacks (e.g. John the Ripper)
    2. Create password with minimum length of 8 characters
    3. Create password with mixture of characters/numbers, and upper/lower case
  6. Ensure interactive editing control for GRUB menu is disabled *
    1. To prevent trespassers from modifying kernel boot-up arguments which allows them to have root user access
    2. Read Como disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu?
  7. Ensure history listing is disabled in Console mode *
    1. To prevent trespassers from seeing previously issued commands
    2. Read Como disable history listing in Console mode?
  8. Ensure Ctrl+Alt+Del is disabled in Console mode *
    1. To prevent trespassers from restarting the system without permission in Console mode
    2. Read Como disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode?
  9. Ensure interactive option is set for remove, copy and move of files/folders in Console mode *
    1. To prevent accidental removal/overwritten of files/folders
    2. Read Como enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode?
  10. For day to day usage, login as a normal user *
    1. To prevent accidental deletion/modification of system files/folders
    2. Read Como add/edit/delete system users?
  11. Disable root user account, use "sudo" instead *
    1. To reduce the amount of time spent with root privileges, and thus the risk of inadvertently executing a command as root
    2. "sudo" provides a more useful audit trail (/var/log/auth.log)
    3. Read Como disable root user account?
  12. Install a Firewall *
    1. A firewall does not guarantee security but it is in most environments the first line of defense against network based attacks
    2. Read Como install Firewall (Firestarter)?
  13. Perform vulnerability test *
    1. Nessus is a great tool designed to automate the testing and discovery of known security problems
    2. Read Como install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus)?

Q: Como disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  grub

grub> md5crypt Password: ****** (ubuntu) Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password) grub> quit

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  3. Find this section * 
    ... # If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing # control (menu entry editor and command-line) and entries protected by the # command 'lock' # e.g. password topsecret # password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/ # password topsecret ...
  4. Add the following line below it * 
    password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)
  5. Find this section * 
    ... title Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode) root (hd0,1) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro single initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386 savedefault boot ...
  6. Replace with the following lines * 
    #title Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode) #root (hd0,1) #kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro single #initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386 #savedefault #boot
  7. Save the edited file (sample)

Q: Como disable history listing in Console mode?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  rm $HOME/.bash_history touch $HOME/.bash_history chmod 000 $HOME/.bash_history

Q: Como disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo cp /etc/inittab /etc/inittab_backup sudo gedit /etc/inittab
  3. Find this line * 
    ... ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now ...
  4. Replace with the following line * 
    #ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
  5. Save the edited file (sample)
  6.  sudo telinit q

Q: Como enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo cp /etc/bash.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc_backup sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc
  3. Append the following lines at the end of file * 
    alias rm='rm -i' alias cp='cp -i' alias mv='mv -i'
  4. Save the edited file (sample)

Rescue Mode

Q: Como gain root user access without login?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Easiest method (will not work if GRUB menu password is set) *
    1. Boot-up computer
    2. If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
    3. Select o 
      Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
      4. *
    4. Press 'Enter' to boot
  3. Other methods *
    1. Read Como modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access?
    2. Read Como use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access?

Q: Como modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Boot-up computer
  3. If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
  4. If GRUB password is set, press 'p' to unlock the GRUB menu
  5. Select * 
    Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386
  6. Press 'e' to edit the commands before booting
  7. Select * 
    kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash
  8. Press 'e' to edit the selected command in the boot sequence
  9. Add "rw init=/bin/bash" to the end of the arguments * 
    grub edit> kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash rw init=/bin/bash
  10. Press 'b' to boot

Q: Como use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Boot-up computer into Ubuntu Installation CD
  3. At "boot:" prompt, add "rescue" to the argument * 
    boot: rescue
  4. Follow the instructions on screen

Q: Como change root user/main user password if forgotten?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como gain root user access without login?
  3. To change root user password * 
    # passwd root
  4. To change main user password * 
    # passwd system_main_username

Q: Como change GRUB menu password if forgotten?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  grub

grub> md5crypt Password: ****** (ubuntu) Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password) grub> quit

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  3. Find this line * 
    ... password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/ ...
  4. Replace with the following line * 
    password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)
  5. Save the edited file (sample)

Q: Como restore GRUB menu after Windows installation?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access?
  3.  e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda is the location of /boot partition
  4.  # grub-install /dev/hda

Q: Como add Windows entry into GRUB menu?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como list partition tables?
  3.  e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition
  4.  $ sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup $ sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  5. Append the following lines at the end of file * 
    title Microsoft Windows root (hd0,0) savedefault makeactive chainloader +1
  6. Save the edited file (sample)

Q: Como read Linux partitions (ext2, ext3) in Windows?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Download Explore2fs: Here

Tips & Tricks

Q: Como restart GNOME without rebooting computer?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Save and close all opened applications * 
    Press 'Ctrl + Alt + Backspace'

Q: Como turn on Num Lock on GNOME startup?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install numlockx sudo cp /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default_backup sudo gedit /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default
  4. Find this line * 
    ... exit 0
  5. Add the following lines above it * 
    if [ -x /usr/bin/numlockx ]; then

    *

      /usr/bin/numlockx on

fi
  6. Save the edited file (sample)
  7. Read Como restart GNOME without rebooting computer?

Q: Como run programs on startup when login into GNOME?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. System -> Preferences -> Sessions
  3. Sessions * 
    Startup Programs Tab -> Add/Edit/Delete

Q: Como switch to Console mode in GNOME?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. To switch to Console mode * 
    Press 'Ctrl + Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)
  3. To switch back to GNOME mode * 
    Press 'Ctrl + Alt + F7'

Q: Como refresh GNOME desktop?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  killall nautilus

Q: Como refresh GNOME panel?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  killall gnome-panel

Q: Como open each folder in the same window in Nautilus?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  3. Configuration Editor * 
    / -> apps -> nautilus -> preferences -> always_use_browser (Checked)

Q: Como show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Places -> Home Folder
  3. To temporary show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus * 
    Press 'Ctrl + H'
  4. To permanently show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus * 
    Edit Menu -> Preferences

Views Tab -> Default View -> Show hidden and backup files (Checked)

Q: Como browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nautilus-root.desktop
  3. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    [Desktop Entry] Name=File Browser (Root) Comment=Browse the filesystem with the file manager Exec=gksudo "nautilus --browser %U" Icon=file-manager Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Application;System;
  4. Save the edited file (sample)
  5. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  6. Applications -> System Tools -> File Browser (Root)

Q: Como show Desktop Icons (Computer, Home, Trash)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  3. Configuration Editor * 
    / -> apps -> nautilus -> desktop -> computer_icon_visible (Checked) home_icon_visible (Checked) trash_icon_visible (Checked)

Q: Como change default file type "Open with" program?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  Right click on file -> Properties

Open With Tab -> Add

Select "Open with" program

Select "Open with" program (Checked)

Q: Como change preferred email client to Mozilla Thunderbird?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird)?
  3. System -> Preferences -> Preferred Applications
  4. Preferred Applications * 
    Mail Reader Tab -> Default Mail Reader -> Command: mozilla-thunderbird %s

Q: Como open files as root user via right click?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  gedit $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root
  3. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    for uri in $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS; do

    *

      gnome-sudo "gnome-open $uri" &

done
  4. Save the edited file (sample)
  5.  chmod +x $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root
  6.  Right click on file -> Scripts -> Open as root

Q: Como disable beep sound in Terminal mode?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Applications -> System Tools -> Terminal
  3. Terminal * 
    Edit Menu -> Current Profile...

General Tab -> General -> Terminal bell (Un-Checked)

Q: Como load Web site faster in Mozilla Firefox?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
  3. Mozilla Firefox * 
    Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: -> network.dns.disableIPv6 -> true network.http.pipelining -> true network.http.pipelining.maxrequests -> 8 network.http.proxy.pipelining -> true
  4. Restart Mozilla Firefox

Q: Como disable beep sound for link find function in Mozilla Firefox?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
  3. Mozilla Firefox * 
    Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: -> accessibility.typeaheadfind.enablesound -> false
  4. Restart Mozilla Firefox

Q: Como restore the original icons for Mozilla Firefox?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  wget -c  chmod 644 mozilla-firefox.png chmod 644 document.png sudo mv /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-firefox.png /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-firefox_backup.png sudo mv /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-firefox.xpm /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-firefox_backup.xpm sudo mv /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/icons/default.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/icons/default_backup.xpm sudo mv /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/icons/document.png /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/icons/document_backup.png sudo mv /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/chrome/icons/default/default.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/chrome/icons/default/default_backup.xpm sudo cp mozilla-firefox.png /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-firefox.png sudo cp mozilla-firefox.png /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-firefox.xpm sudo cp mozilla-firefox.png /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/icons/default.xpm sudo cp document.png /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/icons/document.png sudo cp mozilla-firefox.png /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/chrome/icons/default/default.xpm
  3. Read Como restart GNOME without rebooting computer?

Q: Como restore the original icons for Mozilla Thunderbird?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/mozilla-thunderbird.xpm chmod 644 mozilla-thunderbird.xpm sudo mv /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird_backup.xpm sudo mv /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird-menu.xpm /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird-menu_backup.xpm sudo mv /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/mozilla-thunderbird_backup.xpm sudo mv /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/messengerWindow16.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/messengerWindow16_backup.xpm sudo mv /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/messengerWindow.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/messengerWindow_backup.xpm sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird.xpm sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird-menu.xpm sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/mozilla-thunderbird.xpm sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/messengerWindow16.xpm sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/messengerWindow.xpm
  3. Read Como restart GNOME without rebooting computer?

Q: Como apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager
  3. Synaptic Package Manager *
    1. To refresh the list of known packages (equivalent to apt-get update) o 
      Edit Menu -> Reload Package Information
      2. *
    2. To install all possible upgrades (equivalent to apt-get upgrade) o 
      Edit Menu -> Mark All Upgrades... -> Default Upgrade Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes
      3. *
    3. To search for a package (equivalent to apt-cache search package_name) o 
      Edit Menu -> Search... Specify the package name
      4. *
    4. To install the selected package (equivalent to apt-get install package_name) o 
      Select "package_name"

Package Menu -> Mark for Installation Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes
      5. *
    5. To remove installed package (equivalent to apt-get remove package_name) o 
      Select "package_name"

Package Menu -> Mark for Removal Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes
      6. *

Q: Como install/uninstall .deb file?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. To install .deb file * 
    sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb
  3. To uninstall .deb file * 
    sudo dpkg -r package_name

Q: Como convert .rpm file to .deb file?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo alien package_file.rpm

Q: Como rename all files in directory at once?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/mvb_1.6.tgz sudo tar zxvf mvb_1.6.tgz -C /usr/ sudo chown -R root:root /usr/mvb_1.6/ sudo ln -fs /usr/mvb_1.6/mvb /usr/bin/mvb mvb -h

Q: Como save "man" outputs into file?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  man command | col -b > file.txt

Q: Como generate MD5 checksum file?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5

Q: Como check MD5 checksum of files?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  e.g. Assumed that file.iso and file.iso.md5 are in the same folder
  3.  md5sum -c file.iso.md5

Q: Como mount/unmount Image (ISO) files without burning?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. To mount Image (ISO) file * 
    sudo mkdir /media/iso sudo modprobe loop sudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop
  3. To unmount Image (ISO) file * 
    sudo umount /media/iso/

Q: Como hide GRUB menu on boot-up?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  3. Find this line * 
    ... #hiddenmenu ...
  4. Replace with the following line * 
    hiddenmenu
  5. Save the edited file (sample)

Q: Como change the timeout seconds for GRUB menu on boot-up?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  3. Find this line * 
    ... timeout 3 ...
  4. Replace with the following line * 
    timeout X_seconds
  5. Save the edited file (sample)

Q: Como change default Operating System boot-up for GRUB menu?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  3. Find this line * 
    ... default 0 ...
  4. Replace with the following line * 
    default X_sequence
  5. Save the edited file (sample)

Q: Como temporary skip boot-up services?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  Press 'Ctrl + C'

Q: Como permanently disable/enable boot-up services?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. To permanently disable boot-up service * 
    sudo chmod -x /etc/init.d/service_name
  3. To permanently enable boot-up service * 
    sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/service_name

AntiVirus Server

Q: Como install ClamAV AntiVirus Server?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install clamav

Q: Como manually update virus databases?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install ClamAV AntiVirus Server?
  3.  sudo freshclam

Q: Como manually scan files/folders for viruses?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install ClamAV AntiVirus Server?
  3.  sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders

Q: Como automatically scan files/folders for viruses?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install ClamAV AntiVirus Server?
  3.  e.g. Automatically scan files/folders for viruses at midnight everyday

    *

      * * * * means minute hour date month year
  4.  export EDITOR=gedit && sudo crontab -e
  5. Append the following line at the end of file * 
    00 00 * * * sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders
  6. Save the edited file

Samba Server

Q: Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install samba sudo apt-get install smbfs

Q: Como add/edit/delete network users?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3. To add network user *
    1. Read Como add/edit/delete system users?
    2. smbpasswd -a system_username sudo gedit /etc/samba/smbusers
      3. *
    3. Insert the following line into the new file o 
      system_username = "network username"
      4. *
    4. Save the edited file (sample)
  4. To edit network user * 
    sudo smbpasswd -a system_username
  5. To delete network user * 
    sudo smbpasswd -x system_username

Q: Como share home folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3.  sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  4. Find this line * 
    ... ; security = user ...
  5. Replace with the following lines * 
        *

      security = user username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  6. Save the edited file (sample)
  7. Read Como add/edit/delete network users?
  8.  sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

Q: Como share home folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3.  sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  4. Find this line * 
    ... ; security = user ...
  5. Replace with the following lines * 
        *

      security = user username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  6. Find this section * 
    ... # By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next # parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.

    *

      writable = no

...
  7. Replace with the following lines * 
    # By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next # parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.

    *

      writable = yes
  8. Save the edited file (sample)
  9. Read Como add/edit/delete network users?
  10.  sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

Q: Como share group folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3.  sudo mkdir /home/group sudo chmod 777 /home/group/ sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  4. Find this line * 
    ... ; security = user ...
  5. Replace with the following lines * 
        *

      security = user username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  6. Append the following lines at the end of file * 
    [Group]

    *

      comment = Group Folder path = /home/group public = yes writable = no valid users = system_username1 system_username2 create mask = 0700 directory mask = 0700 force user = nobody force group = nogroup
  7. Save the edited file (sample)
  8. Read Como add/edit/delete network users?
  9.  sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

Q: Como share group folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3.  sudo mkdir /home/group sudo chmod 777 /home/group/ sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  4. Find this line * 
    ... ; security = user ...
  5. Replace with the following lines * 
        *

      security = user username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  6. Append the following lines at the end of file * 
    [Group]

    *

      comment = Group Folder path = /home/group public = yes writable = yes valid users = system_username1 system_username2 create mask = 0700 directory mask = 0700 force user = nobody force group = nogroup
  7. Save the edited file (sample)
  8. Read Como add/edit/delete network users?
  9.  sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

Q: Como share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3.  sudo mkdir /home/public sudo chmod 777 /home/public/ sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  4. Find this line * 
    ... ; security = user ...
  5. Replace with the following lines * 
        *

      security = user username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  6. Append the following lines at the end of file * 
    [public]

    *

      comment = Public Folder path = /home/public public = yes writable = no create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777 force user = nobody force group = nogroup
  7. Save the edited file (sample)
  8. Read Como add/edit/delete network users?
  9.  sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

Q: Como share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3.  sudo mkdir /home/public sudo chmod 777 /home/public/ sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  4. Find this line * 
    ... ; security = user ...
  5. Replace with the following lines * 
        *

      security = user username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  6. Append the following lines at the end of file * 
    [public]

    *

      comment = Public Folder path = /home/public public = yes writable = yes create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777 force user = nobody force group = nogroup
  7. Save the edited file (sample)
  8. Read Como add/edit/delete network users?
  9.  sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

Q: Como share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=No)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3.  sudo mkdir /home/public sudo chmod 777 /home/public/ sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  4. Find this line * 
    ... ; security = user ...
  5. Replace with the following line * 
        *

      security = share
  6. Append the following lines at the end of file * 
    [public]

    *

      comment = Public Folder path = /home/public public = yes writable = no create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777 force user = nobody force group = nogroup
  7. Save the edited file (sample)
  8.  sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

Q: Como share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=No)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service?
  3.  sudo mkdir /home/public sudo chmod 777 /home/public/ sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  4. Find this line * 
    ... ; security = user ...
  5. Replace with the following line * 
        *

      security = share
  6. Append the following lines at the end of file * 
    [public]

    *

      comment = Public Folder path = /home/public public = yes writable = yes create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777 force user = nobody force group = nogroup
  7. Save the edited file (sample)
  8.  sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

SSH Server

Q: Como install SSH Server for remote administration service?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install ssh

Q: Como SSH into remote Ubuntu machine?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service

    *

      Read Como install SSH Server for remote administration service? Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
  3.  ssh [MAILTO] username@192.168.0.1

Q: Como copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (scp)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service

    *

      Read Como install SSH Server for remote administration service? Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1 Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt Local machine save location: . (current directory)
  3.  scp -r [MAILTO] username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .

Q: Como copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (scp)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service

    *

      Read Como install SSH Server for remote administration service? Local files/folders location: localfile.txt Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1 Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/
  3.  scp -r localfile.txt [MAILTO] username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/

Q: Como copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (rsync)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service

    *

      Read Como install SSH Server for remote administration service? Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1 Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt Local machine save location: . (current directory)
  3.  rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats [MAILTO] username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .

Q: Como copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (rsync)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service

    *

      Read Como install SSH Server for remote administration service? Local files/folders location: localfile.txt Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1 Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/
  3.  rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats localfile.txt [MAILTO] username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/

Q: Como SSH into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service

    *

      Read Como install SSH Server for remote administration service?
  3. Download PuTTY: Here

Q: Como copy files/folders from/into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service

    *

      Read Como install SSH Server for remote administration service?
  3. Download WinSCP: Here

DHCP Server

Q: Como install DHCP Server for automatic IP addresses assignment?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  e.g. Assumed that "eth0" is the interface for network card

    *

      IP Address Range: 192.168.0.100 to 192.168.0.200 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 DNS Servers: 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5 Domains: tm.net.my Gateway Address: 192.168.0.1
  4.  sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server sudo cp /etc/default/dhcp3-server /etc/default/dhcp3-server_backup sudo gedit /etc/default/dhcp3-server
  5. Find this line * 
    ... INTERFACES=""
  6. Replace with the following line * 
    INTERFACES="eth0"
  7. Save the edited file (sample)
  8.  sudo cp /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
  9. Find this section * 
    ... # option definitions common to all supported networks... option domain-name "example.org"; option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200; ...
  10. Replace with the following lines * 
    # option definitions common to all supported networks... #option domain-name "example.org"; #option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

#default-lease-time 600; #max-lease-time 7200;
  11. Find this section * 
    ... # A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet. #subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 { # range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30; # option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org; # option domain-name "internal.example.org"; # option routers 10.5.5.1; # option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31; # default-lease-time 600; # max-lease-time 7200; #} ...
  12. Replace with the following lines * 
    # A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet. subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

    *

      range 192.168.0.100 192.168.0.200; option domain-name-servers 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5; option domain-name "tm.net.my"; option routers 192.168.0.1; option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255; default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200;

}
  13. Save the edited file (sample)
  14.  sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart

Database Server

Q: Como install MYSQL Database Server?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysqladmin -u root password db_user_password

Q: Como install MYSQL Control Center?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3. Read Como install MYSQL Database Server?
  4.  sudo apt-get install mysqlcc sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/MySQLCC.desktop
  5. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    [Desktop Entry] Name=MySQLCC Comment=MySQLCC Exec=mysqlcc Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/mysqlcc.xpm Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Application;System;
  6. Save the edited file (sample)
  7. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?
  8. Applications -> System Tools -> MySQLCC

Apache HTTP Server

Q: Como install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo apt-get install apache2
  4. [WWW] http://localhost

Q: Como install PHP for Apache HTTP Server?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3. Read Como install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service?
  4.  sudo apt-get install php4 sudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php
  5. Insert the following line into the new file * 
    <?php phpinfo(); ?>
  6. Save the edited file (sample)
  7. [WWW] http://localhost/testphp.php

Q: Como install MYSQL for Apache HTTP Server?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3. Read Como install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service?
  4. Read Como install MYSQL Database Server?
  5. Read Como install PHP for Apache HTTP Server?
  6.  sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql sudo apt-get install php4-mysql sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Q: Como map URLs to folders outside /var/www/?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service?
  3.  sudo gedit /etc/apache2/conf.d/alias
  4. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    Alias /URL-path /location_of_folder/

<Directory /location_of_folder/> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory>
  5. Save the edited file (sample)
  6.  sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
  7. [WWW] http://localhost/URL-path

Q: Como change the default port number for Apache HTTP Server?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service?
  3.  e.g. Assumed that new port number is 79
  4.  sudo cp /etc/apache2/ports.conf /etc/apache2/ports.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/apache2/ports.conf
  5. Find this line * 
    Listen 80
  6. Replace with the following line * 
    Listen 79
  7. Save the edited file (sample)
  8.  sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
  9. [WWW] http://localhost:79

Q: Como browse the changed port number for Apache HTTP Server in Mozilla Firefox?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como change the default port number for Apache HTTP Server?
  3.  e.g. Assumed that new port number is 79
  4.  sudo cp /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/greprefs/all.js /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/greprefs/all.js_backup sudo gedit /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/greprefs/all.js
  5. Find this section * 
    ... // If there is ever a security firedrill that requires // us to block certian ports global, this is the pref // to use. Is is a comma delimited list of port numbers // for example: // pref("network.security.ports.banned", "1,2,3,4,5"); // prevents necko connecting to ports 1-5 unless the protocol // overrides. ...
  6. Add the following line below it * 
    pref("network.security.ports.banned.override", "79");
  7. Save the edited file (sample)
  8. Restart Mozilla Firefox

Troubleshooting

Q: Configuring network interfaces... (taking too long to load)

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como temporary skip boot-up services?

Q: Synchronizing clock to ntp.ubuntulinux.org... (taking too long to load)

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como temporary skip boot-up services?
  3. Read Como permanently disable/enable boot-up services? * 
    service_name = ntpdate

Q: Como disable system time/date from being reset to UTC (GMT)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo cp /etc/default/rcS /etc/default/rcS_backup sudo gedit /etc/default/rcS
  3. Find this line * 
    ... UTC=yes ...
  4. Replace with the following line * 
    UTC=no
  5. Save the edited file (sample)
  6. System -> Administration -> Time and Date * 
    Set the correct time/date
  7.  sudo /etc/init.d/hwclock.sh restart

Q: Como configure sound to work properly in GNOME?

  1. Read General Notes
  2. Read Como add extra repositories?
  3.  sudo killall esd sudo cp /etc/esound/esd.conf /etc/esound/esd.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/esound/esd.conf
  4. Find this section * 
    ... auto_spawn=0 spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 5 ...
  5. Replace with the following lines * 
    auto_spawn=1 spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 2 -d default
  6. Save the edited file (sample)
  7.  sudo apt-get install libesd-alsa0 sudo gedit /etc/asound.conf
  8. Insert the following lines into the new file * 
    pcm.card0 { type hw card 0 }

pcm.!default { type plug slave.pcm "dmixer" }

pcm.dmixer { type dmix ipc_key 1025 slave { pcm "hw:0,0" period_time 0 period_size 2048 buffer_size 32768 rate 48000 } bindings { 0 0 1 1 } }
  9. Save the edited file (sample)
  10.  sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/libesd.so.0 /usr/lib/libesd.so.1
  11. System -> Preferences -> Sound
  12. Sound preferences * 
    General Tab -> Sounds for events (Un-Checked)
  13. Save and close all opened applications, Reboot computer

Q: Como forcefully empty Trash in GNOME?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo rm -fr $HOME/.Trash/

Q: Como remove duplicate menu/menu items in GNOME?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  rm -fr $HOME/.config/menus/applications.menu
  3. Read Como refresh GNOME panel?

Q: Como refresh Places menu in GNOME (if mounts to /media/ in /etc/fstab does not show up)?

  1. Read General Notes
  2.  sudo /etc/init.d/dbus-1 restart

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